Kashmir Conflict Monitor 2025
Independent documentation of human rights violations, military actions, and political developments in Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh since 1947. Updated daily with verified data from both sides of the Line of Control.
Kashmir Conflict Dashboard
Comprehensive monitoring of human rights violations, military engagements, and political developments in the disputed Kashmir region. Data is collected from verified sources on both sides of the Line of Control.
Kashmir Conflict Tracker
Civilian Casualties (2025)
Enforced Disappearances
Journalists Detained
Internet Shutdowns
Arbitrary Detentions & Draconian Laws
Systematic Use of UAPA Against Human Rights Defenders
The Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) has been weaponized to silence dissent, with over 1,200 Kashmiris charged since 2019. The law allows:
- 180-day detention without charge
- Bail provisions effectively nullified (97% conviction rate in special courts)
- Retrospective application of terrorism charges
Prominent cases include Khurram Parvez (JKCCS coordinator, detained since Nov 2021) and journalist Aasif Sultan (detained since 2018).
Public Safety Act (PSA) Detentions Continue Despite Reforms
The PSA allows 2-year detention without charge or trial. Key statistics:
- 4,000+ Kashmiris detained since August 2019
- 23% increase in detentions of journalists (2023-2025)
- Average detention period: 14 months
Recent cases include journalist Fahad Shah (detained Feb 2022) and student activist Aqib Ahmad (detained March 2025 for social media posts).
Killings & Enforced Disappearances
Suspicious Deaths in Custody Raise Alarm (2025)
February-March 2025 saw multiple bodies of disappeared youth found in Kulgam canals with:
- 5 cases of "drowning" disputed by families
- Forensic reports showing blunt force trauma in 3 cases
- Similar patterns in Kathua (5 disappearances in March)
Security forces claim these were "terrorists" but provide no evidence. Families report youths were picked up during cordon-and-search operations.
Civilian Casualties (2025)
Military Presence
Political Detentions
Internet Restrictions
Legal & Human Rights Issues
Restrictions on Political Activities
Political parties advocating independence face significant restrictions:
- 15 political workers detained in 2025 under Anti-Terrorism Act
- Banned rallies for Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
- Increased surveillance of political gatherings
Local journalists report pressure to avoid criticizing Pakistan's Kashmir policy.
Freedom of Movement Restrictions
Movement across the Line of Control remains heavily restricted:
- Only 1 operational crossing point (Chakan da Bagh)
- Average processing time: 6-8 weeks for permits
- Families separated since 1947 still awaiting reunification
The UN has repeatedly called for easing these restrictions to facilitate family reunions.
Ceasefire Violations (2025)
Civilian Displacements
Schools Closed
Trade Suspension
Recent Cross-LoC Incidents
February 2025: Heavy Shelling in Poonch Sector
Intense exchange of fire resulted in:
- 7 civilian deaths (4 Indian side, 3 Pakistani side)
- 14 injuries including 3 children
- Destruction of 22 homes near the LoC
Both sides accused each other of initiating the hostilities. UN observers called for restraint.
March 2025: Alleged Infiltration Attempt
Indian forces reported intercepting an armed group attempting to cross:
- 5 alleged militants killed
- 2 Indian soldiers wounded
- Pakistan denies any involvement
Incident led to 3-day suspension of civilian movement along the LoC.
Conflict Duration
Total Casualties (1947-2025)
Displaced Persons
Peace Initiatives
Key Historical Events
1947-48: First Kashmir War
The conflict began immediately after partition:
- Maharaja Hari Singh signed Instrument of Accession with India
- Pakistan sent tribal militias into Kashmir
- UN-brokered ceasefire established Line of Control
Resulted in division of Kashmir that persists today.
1989-2000s: Insurgency Period
Mass uprising against Indian rule led to:
- 70,000+ casualties (civilian majority)
- Widespread human rights violations by all parties
- Mass migration of Kashmiri Pandits
Marked the most violent phase of the conflict.
2019: Constitutional Changes
India revoked Article 370, changing Kashmir's status:
- Jammu & Kashmir reorganized into two union territories
- Massive military lockdown imposed
- Communications blackout for months
International condemnation but limited concrete action.
Kashmir Conflict & Human Rights Portal
Independent Voices | Verified Archives
A central platform for factual documentation of the Kashmir conflict. Browse through a detailed historical timeline, human rights violation records, and archived UN reports — all in one place.
🕰️ Timeline of the Conflict
Explore Kashmir's turbulent history from 1947 to present day, compiled from verified sources and media archives.
View Timeline📊 Violation Tracker
Live data map of human rights abuses: victims, incidents, legal updates and international responses — in one dashboard.
Access Tracker📄 UN & OHCHR Reports
Read official United Nations reports, OHCHR findings, and third-party investigations related to Kashmir.
View Reports