Muzaffarabad: For decades, Jammu and Kashmir have been marred by conflict, political turmoil, and the echoing cries for self-determination. Amidst this backdrop, February 5th arrives annually, observed in Pakistan as Kashmir Solidarity Day. But as processions march and slogans resonate, a crucial question lingers: Does this day truly champion the cause of the Kashmiri people, or has it devolved into a tool of political expediency?

A Historical Perspective: The Genesis of a Divided Land

The roots of the Kashmir conflict are deeply embedded in the partition of India in 1947. The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, under the rule of Maharaja Hari Singh, faced the pivotal decision of acceding to either India or Pakistan. The Maharaja’s initial reluctance to commit triggered a chain of events, including a tribal incursion allegedly supported by Pakistan. This prompted him to seek military assistance from India, formally acceding to the Indian Union in exchange. The ensuing Indo-Pakistani War resulted in the division of the region along the Line of Control (LoC), a de facto border that continues to separate families and communities to this day.

The United Nations Security Council intervened early in the conflict, passing resolutions calling for a plebiscite a democratic vote by the Kashmiri people to determine their future. However, these resolutions have never been implemented, overshadowed by subsequent wars in 1965 and 1971, and a persistent environment of insurgency, militancy, and accusations of human rights violations from all sides. The promise of a plebiscite remains a distant dream for many Kashmiris.

The Politics of Kashmir Solidarity Day

Since 1990, 5 February Kashmir Solidarity Day, has been officially commemorated in Pakistan. The day is characterized by public rallies, speeches from prominent political figures, and symbolic gestures intended to express support for the Kashmiri people. However, critics within Kashmir and beyond contend that the day has often been appropriated to promote Pakistan’s political objectives, overshadowing the genuine needs and aspirations of the Kashmiri people.

The official narrative typically centers on the “right to self-determination” for Kashmiris, coupled with strong condemnations of alleged human rights abuses in Indian-administered Kashmir. However, this narrative often conveniently overlooks the human rights concerns in Pakistan-administered Kashmir (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) and Gilgit-Baltistan, where civil liberties and political freedoms also face significant restrictions. Critics argue that this selective focus undermines the credibility of Pakistan’s claims of solidarity.

Furthermore, the day has been used to promote specific political agendas within Pakistan. Religious and political parties often organize rallies and events to showcase their support for the Kashmiri cause, using it as a platform to gain political mileage and consolidate their voter base. The production and distribution of Kashmir Solidarity Day posters and other promotional materials serve to reinforce this message, often presenting a one-sided view of the conflict. Even seemingly innocuous activities like creating a Kashmir Solidarity Day poster can be seen as contributing to a larger propaganda effort.

Local Voices: Genuine Support or Political Posturing?

To gain a deeper understanding of the true sentiment surrounding Kashmir Solidarity Day, it is essential to amplify the voices of the Kashmiri people themselves, often marginalized in mainstream narratives.

“For us, February 5th is just another day in a long cycle of suffering,” says Khurram Parvez, a renowned human rights activist based in Muzaffarabad. “It’s a day when Pakistani politicians deliver speeches about our right to self-determination, while simultaneously failing to address the human rights violations occurring in their own territory. We need genuine action, not empty rhetoric.”

A young student from Baramulla, who requested anonymity due to security concerns, shared his perspective: “We appreciate the sentiment behind Kashmir Solidarity Day, but we need more than just symbolic gestures. We need a peaceful resolution to this conflict so that we can finally live normal lives.”

These voices highlight the complex and often contradictory feelings that many Kashmiris have towards Kashmir Solidarity Day. While some appreciate the expression of support, others view it with skepticism, questioning the true motives behind the political posturing.

The Indian Perspective: A Counter-Narrative of Cross-Border Terrorism

Across the LoC, Indian officials and media outlets often portray Kashmir Solidarity Day as a blatant attempt by Pakistan to interfere in India’s internal affairs and promote cross-border terrorism. They frequently highlight Pakistan’s alleged support for militant groups operating in the region, accusing the country of using the Kashmir issue to destabilize the region and incite violence.

Indian officials have consistently criticized Pakistan’s observance of Kashmir Solidarity Day, viewing it as an attempt to divert attention from its own actions. For instance, in January 2025, Ministry of External Affairs spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal stated, “The whole world knows, who is promoting terrorism. In India, when we have terror-related attacks, where it is coming from, we all know the genesis, the root of cross-border terrorism.” ​DD News

Similarly, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, addressing the United Nations General Assembly in September 2024, remarked, “Pakistan’s cross-border terrorism policy will never succeed. And it can have no expectation of impunity. On the contrary, actions will certainly have consequences.” ​

These statements underscore India’s position that Pakistan’s actions, including the observance of Kashmir Solidarity Day, are seen as efforts to promote cross-border terrorism and destabilize the region.​

The International Community

The international community has a critical role to play in facilitating a lasting and just resolution to the Kashmir conflict. While the UN Security Council resolutions calling for a plebiscite remain a historical reference point, a more nuanced and comprehensive approach is needed to address the complex realities on the ground.

International organizations and foreign governments should:

Prioritize the protection of human rights, condemning abuses by all parties involved in the conflict.
Actively encourage meaningful and constructive dialogue between India and Pakistan, ensuring the inclusion of representatives from the Kashmiri community in any peace negotiations.
Provide support for initiatives that promote peacebuilding, reconciliation, and sustainable development in the region, addressing the root causes of the conflict.* **What is Kashmir Solidarity Day** really about if not about these actions?

Charting a Path Forward: Towards a Just and Sustainable Peace

Achieving a lasting peace in Kashmir requires a multifaceted approach that addresses the underlying political, economic, and social grievances of all parties involved. Some potential steps include:

Intra-Kashmiri Dialogue
One of the most crucial steps toward lasting peace in the region is the facilitation of dialogue among Kashmiri groups across both sides of the Line of Control (LoC). Intra-Kashmiri dialogue can play a pivotal role in fostering mutual understanding, rebuilding trust, and identifying shared concerns and aspirations. These platforms, whether formal or informal, allow Kashmiris themselves to voice their hopes for the future and create a united vision that transcends borders and political divisions.

Demilitarization and De-escalation
The presence of heavy militarization across the region continues to fuel fear, mistrust, and conflict. A phased reduction of armed forces, combined with robust confidence-building measures between India and Pakistan, is essential to lower tensions along the LoC. De-escalation not only prevents accidental flare-ups but also creates space for political dialogue and reconciliation.

Economic Impact of the Conflict

The prolonged conflict in Jammu and Kashmir has had devastating economic consequences for the region. Once known for its thriving tourism industry, the valley’s picturesque landscapes and cultural heritage have been overshadowed by the ongoing strife. The frequent curfews, internet shutdowns, and military presence have deterred tourists, leading to a significant decline in revenue.

Agriculture, another cornerstone of the Kashmiri economy, has also suffered. The fertile land, known for producing saffron, apples, and other high-value crops, has seen reduced productivity due to the conflict. The disruption of trade routes and the constant threat of violence have made it difficult for farmers to sustain their livelihoods.

The economic hardships are further compounded by the lack of investment in infrastructure and development projects. The uncertainty and instability deter both domestic and foreign investors, leaving the region underdeveloped and its people struggling to find employment opportunities.

The Role of the Kashmiri Diaspora: Advocacy and Support

The Kashmiri diaspora plays a crucial role in advocating for the rights and aspirations of the Kashmiri people. Spread across various countries, the diaspora has been instrumental in raising international awareness about the conflict and lobbying for diplomatic intervention.

Organizations and community groups within the diaspora regularly organize events, protests, and campaigns to highlight the plight of Kashmiris. They also provide financial and humanitarian support to families affected by the conflict, helping to alleviate some of the hardships faced by those in the region.

By leveraging their positions in their respective countries, members of the diaspora can influence policymakers and push for a more balanced and just approach to the Kashmir issue. Their efforts are essential in keeping the international community engaged and committed to finding a resolution.

Kashmir Solidarity Day should serve as a catalyst for meaningful reflection, prompting a critical examination of the policies and actions that have perpetuated the conflict for far too long. It is time to move beyond symbolic gestures and embrace a genuine commitment to justice, human rights, and the self-determination of the Kashmiri people. Only then can we hope to build a future where peace, prosperity, and dignity prevail in this long-suffering region.

As we mark another 5 February Kashmir Solidarity Day, let us remember that true solidarity goes beyond political rhetoric. It requires a concerted effort from all stakeholders – the governments of India and Pakistan, the international community, and most importantly, the people of Jammu and Kashmir themselves. By working together, we can pave the way for a peaceful and prosperous future for all Kashmiris.

(End)

By Atif Maqbool