The Untold Story of Azad Jammu and Kashmir’s Wildlife

Azad Kashmir a bordering the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir, this region offers a rare glimpse into the pristine beauty of nature. In particular, AJK is home to a vast array of wildlife, including some of the most beautiful and rare species of birds and animals of Jammu Kashmir.

Geographical and Environmental Overview of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Azad Jammu and Kashmir is a land of towering peaks, including the Jumgadh Peak and Saroli Peak, part of the majestic Himalayas. The region spans 13,297 square kilometers, and its capital is Muzaffarabad. The area’s topography is predominantly mountainous, with rugged terrain and several valleys that make it a natural sanctuary for diverse wildlife. The average rainfall here is about 1400 mm annually, contributing to the growth of extensive forests. These forests are primarily coniferous, though some areas also feature broadleaf forests. About 43% of AJK is covered in forests, which provide habitat to a variety of species.

A Diverse Range of Birds in Jammu and Kashmir

AJK is a haven for birdwatchers, with hundreds of bird species inhabiting its forests, wetlands, and rivers. Some of the most fascinating bird species found in the region include:

• Monal Pheasant: Known for its vibrant plumage, the Monal is a symbol of the region’s rich avian diversity.
• Koklass Pheasant: Another rare pheasant found in the Himalayan foothills, this bird is often seen in dense forests.
• Moorhen and Coot: Commonly found around wetland areas, these waterfowl are an integral part of AJK’s biodiversity.
• Kashmir Flycatcher: This elusive bird is found in the temperate forests of the region and is a must-see for avid birdwatchers.
• Various species of Eagles and Hawks: The region’s mountainous terrain is also home to a variety of predatory birds, including Golden Eagles, Mountain Hawks, and other raptors.
• Migratory Birds: AJK’s wetlands, particularly the Mangla Dam, serve as a stopover for many migratory birds, including geese, ducks, and cranes. These wetlands play a critical role in the conservation of these species.

Wildlife Diversity: A Glimpse Into AJK’s Animal Kingdom

Apart from its rich birdlife, Azad Jammu and Kashmir is also home to a variety of mammalian species, some of which are rare and endangered. The dense forests and rugged terrain offer a safe haven for several large and small mammals, including:

• Leopard and Snow Leopard: The snow leopard, a critically endangered species, roams the higher altitudes of AJK’s mountainous regions. The common leopard is also found here and is an apex predator in the region.
• Musk Deer (Kasturi Hiran): Known for its highly prized musk, the Musk Deer is found in the higher altitudes of the region and is a rare sight in the wild.
• Markhor: The Markhor, a wild goat species, is another iconic animal of the region, known for its twisted horns and remarkable climbing abilities.
• Brown and Black Bears: Both brown and black bears are found in the forests of AJK. They are elusive but play a vital role in the ecosystem as apex omnivores.
• Goral: A species of mountain goat, the Goral is often seen in the hilly areas of AJK, grazing on the steep slopes.
• Wild Boar and Red Fox: These species are commonly found in the lower forested regions of AJK, often near human settlements.

Conservation Efforts: Protecting Azad Jammu and Kashmir’s Wildlife

AJK has made notable strides in preserving its unique wildlife. The government has established several national parks to protect its rich biodiversity. These include:

1. Machihara National Park: Located 35 kilometers from Muzaffarabad, this park is known for its dense forests, rare wildlife, and stunning landscapes. It is home to species like the Snow Leopard, Markhor, Musk Deer, and various pheasant species.
2. Deva Vatala National Park: Situated in Bhimber District, this park is famous for its thorny forests and a wide range of species such as the Indian Python, Leopards, and Red Jungle Fowl.
3. Gumot National Park: Located in the Neelum Valley, this park is crucial for the conservation of the Himalayan Brown Bear and the Musk Deer. The park is also home to a diverse range of wildlife species, including the Snow Leopard and the Common Leopard.
4. Toli Pir National Park: Situated in Rawalakot, this park is renowned for its rich fauna, including the elusive Snow Leopard and Black Bear.
5. Poonch National Park and Peer Lasora National Park: These parks add to the network of protected areas, offering habitats for various endangered species and promoting conservation.

Wetlands and Aquatic Life in AJK

In addition to its forests, AJK is also home to several important wetland ecosystems. The Mangla Dam, covering an area of 26,500 hectares, is one of the most significant wetlands in the region. It attracts thousands of migratory birds each year, making it a vital part of the region’s biodiversity. The dam supports a range of fish species, including the Mahseer, Pakistan’s national fish, and various trout species like the Brown and Rainbow Trout.

Threats to Wildlife and the Need for Conservation

Despite these efforts, Azad Jammu and Kashmir’s wildlife faces numerous threats, including deforestation, habitat degradation, and illegal poaching. The ever-expanding human settlements and livestock grazing have caused significant damage to forests, affecting the natural habitats of many species. Additionally, illegal logging and timber smuggling have further reduced forest cover, making it crucial to enforce stricter environmental laws and promote sustainable practices.

To ensure the survival of AJK’s wildlife, there is a growing need for continued conservation efforts, including the establishment of more national parks, better management of existing parks, and community-based conservation programs. The region’s wetlands, forests, and wildlife are integral to maintaining ecological balance, and protecting these resources should remain a top priority.

Conclusion

Azad Jammu and Kashmir is a jewel of biodiversity, home to a vast array of birds and animals, some of which are found nowhere else on earth. From the towering mountains to the tranquil wetlands, the region offers unparalleled opportunities for wildlife enthusiasts to witness nature in its purest form. However, to preserve this incredible biodiversity, it is crucial to strengthen conservation efforts and ensure that future generations can enjoy the beauty and diversity of Azad Jammu and Kashmir’s wildlife.