In the Indian-administered part of Kashmir, known as “Occupied Kashmir,” the celebration of “Pheran Day” on December 21st continues to grow in significance, particularly since 2022. This traditional Kashmiri attire has faced resistance from Hindu extremist organizations with the support of the Modi government. The observance of Pheran Day has become a defiant stand against efforts to undermine Kashmiri cultural identity.
The Pheran: A Symbol of Kashmiri Identity The Pheran, a traditional Kashmiri garment, is a long gown worn by both men and women. It consists of two layers of robes, typically reaching down to the feet. Over time, the Pheran’s length has decreased to knee-length, paired with a loose-fitting “Suthan” (a type of loose pants). Traditionally, the Pheran was worn as part of daily attire in Kashmir until the late 19th century, but the garment still holds cultural significance.
The Controversy and the Resistance The controversy surrounding the Pheran began in 2018 when the Hindu extremist group, Bajrang Dal, demanded a ban on the garment, claiming that militants were using it to hide explosives. This unfounded claim stirred a new wave of resistance in the region. The following years saw increased demands from other groups, accusing the Pheran of being a security threat. The government’s support for these claims was evident when, in 2022, security forces were seen subjecting Pheran-wearing individuals to more intensive searches, further validating suspicions of state-backed discrimination.
Prime Minister Modi’s Remarks In a public speech in 2019, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi hinted at identifying protestors based on their clothing, an apparent reference to Kashmiris wearing Pherans as a symbol of their resistance and identity. This statement was seen as an attempt to label Kashmiri cultural expressions as acts of defiance against the government, intensifying the ongoing protests.
Pheran’s Role in Kashmiri Society Despite the challenges, the Pheran remains an essential aspect of Kashmiri culture, now widely appreciated across Jammu and Kashmir. It is worn by people of all ages and backgrounds, transcending religious and ethnic boundaries. In the colder regions of Kashmir, the Pheran is particularly cherished as a warm, comfortable garment during the harsh winter months, often paired with the traditional Kangri (a heated pot) for extra warmth.
Government’s Efforts to Ban Pheran In 2018, the Jammu and Kashmir Education Department issued a controversial notification banning the Pheran in government offices, a move that was met with public outrage. Due to widespread protests, the government was forced to retract the order, highlighting the strong resistance to such moves that sought to suppress Kashmiri culture.
International Pheran Day: A Symbol of Unity Each year, “International Pheran Day” is celebrated in Srinagar, where individuals from diverse backgrounds come together to don the Pheran in solidarity. This event not only promotes Kashmiri culture but also serves as a protest against the attempts to undermine it. The celebration is marked by political activists, social workers, and citizens who carry placards advocating for cultural preservation and condemning the propaganda of extremist groups. The celebration reflects unity among Kashmiris, both in the region and across the globe.
A Global Movement Over the years, Kashmiri diaspora communities worldwide have also embraced Pheran Day, sharing their images on social media to express solidarity with Kashmir’s struggle for cultural and political identity. This movement represents a powerful statement of resistance against cultural erasure, with the Pheran becoming an enduring symbol of Kashmiri identity.
Pheran in Azad Kashmir In recent years, Pheran has found its way into Azad Kashmir, where it is increasingly popular, particularly in the Muzaffarabad region. With trade routes between Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistan closed, Pheran is now imported from Dubai and sold in Azad Kashmir, contributing to a rise in prices. Local production of Pherans in Pakistan exists, but the quality often falls short of the traditional Kashmiri standard. However, with increased attention to this industry, the production of Pherans could provide economic benefits while preserving a vital cultural heritage.
Conclusion The celebration of International Pheran Day is a poignant reminder of the resilience of Kashmiri culture in the face of adversity. As the garment grows in popularity worldwide, it remains an enduring symbol of Kashmiri identity, heritage, and the ongoing struggle for cultural and political recognition. Kashmiris, both in the region and in the diaspora, continue to wear the Pheran with pride, ensuring that their cultural legacy remains strong for future generations.
