Maqbool Bhat is regarded as a pioneer of the Kashmiri independence movement. Despite political upheavals, Maqbool Bhat’s name echoes across Jammu and Kashmir. Posters defiantly adorn walls, chants like “Qatal Ko Pukaro Zinda Hai” resonate in streets, and overseas Kashmiris honor his legacy annually. Even after India’s 2019 constitutional changes stifling dissent, Bhat remains a symbol of resistance. This article delves into why Maqbool Bhat, the JKLF founder, is Kashmir’s uncontested qomi leader (national leader) and how his vision transcends borders.

Early Life and Education
Born in the village of Trehgam in Kupwara district, Jammu and Kashmir, in 1938, Maqbool Bhat grew up witnessing the complex socio-political situation of the region. He pursued higher education at the University of Kashmir, where his awareness of the Kashmiri struggle began to take shape.

Political Activism and Struggle
Maqbool Bhat co-founded the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) in 1965, advocating for an independent Kashmir free from both Indian and Pakistani control. His political ideology was rooted in the belief that Kashmiris have the right to self-determination. Throughout his life, Bhat faced imprisonment and persecution due to his activism.

Arrest and Execution
In 1966, Bhat was arrested by Indian authorities on charges of espionage and involvement in armed resistance. After a controversial trial, he was sentenced to death and executed on February 11, 1984, in Tihar Jail, New Delhi. His execution sparked protests and became a defining moment in Kashmir’s struggle for freedom.

Ideology and Legacy
Maqbool Bhat’s ideology was centered on the principles of freedom, justice, and the right of the Kashmiri people to determine their future. His vision continues to inspire generations of activists and political leaders in Kashmir. February 11 is observed annually as Maqbool Bhat Martyrdom Day, marked by protests, memorial events, and calls for justice.

Historical Significance
Bhat’s life and sacrifice have become symbols of Kashmir’s quest for independence. His writings and speeches are studied by scholars and activists seeking to understand the roots of the region’s conflict. Despite differing political opinions, his name remains synonymous with the spirit of resistance.

Maqbool Bhat Shaheed has authored several works that provide insight into his thoughts and experiences. Additionally, various authors have documented his life and struggle. Here are some notable books:

Shaoor-e-Farda (Letters of Maqbool Bhat)
“Shaoor-e-Farda” is a compilation of thirty-nine letters penned by Maqbool Bhat to his friends and relatives over two decades. These letters provide profound insights into his ideology and unwavering commitment to Kashmir’s freedom. The book was first published in 1998 in Pakistan; however, the Pakistani government imposed a ban on its sale and display, considering it an attempt to promote nationalist sentiments among Kashmiris in Azad Kashmir.

Despite the ban, the book has been widely distributed in Azad Kashmir and remains a valuable source of inspiration for those involved in the freedom struggle.

Main Kaun Hoon (Who Am I)
Authored by Maqbool Bhat, this work delves into his introspections, repeatedly posing the question, “Who am I?” It reflects his inner contemplations and philosophical musings.

Maqbool Bhat
Written by Dr. Zainulabideen, this book provides a comprehensive overview of Maqbool Bhat’s life, his relentless struggle for Kashmir’s independence, and his enduring legacy.

Roshni ka Shaheed-e-Awal (The First Martyr of Light)
This book offers an in-depth look into Maqbool Bhat’s life and sacrifices, shedding light on his personal journey and the broader impact of his actions on the Kashmiri independence movement.

Deewano Pe Kya Guzri (What Befell the Passionate Ones)
This narrative captures the stories of Maqbool Bhat and his companions, highlighting their struggles, sacrifices, and unwavering commitment to their cause.

Srinagar Jail Se Farar Ki Kahani (The Story of Escape from Srinagar Jail)
In this autobiographical account, Maqbool Bhat narrates his daring escape from Srinagar Jail, providing firsthand insights into the challenges and motivations behind his actions.

Juhad-e-Musalsal (Continuous Struggle)
Authored by Amanullah Khan, this book chronicles the efforts and objectives of the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) during the 1990s, offering context to the movement that Maqbool Bhat co-founded.

These works collectively offer valuable perspectives on Maqbool Bhat’s ideology, personal experiences, and the broader Kashmiri struggle for independence.