What We Know About Media in Pakistan-Administered Kashmir

This is the reality of media in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, where press freedom is celebrated in theory but suffocated in practice. Unlike the high-profile censorship tactics seen in other regions—raids, arrests, or blatant shutdowns—the suppression of press freedom here operates in far subtler ways. A journalist’s paycheck might be delayed for months. Press credentials might be quietly revoked. Newspapers might “disappear” en route to distributors. The outcome is the same: a media ecosystem that exists but is unable to speak truth to power.

The silencing of journalists in Azad Jammu kashmir (AJK) begins with financial strangulation. According to official records, the government allocates $2.3 million annually in media advertising funds for the region. But this money often fails to reach newsrooms, disappearing somewhere along the bureaucratic chain. “The money moves from Muzaffarabad to Rawalpindi and vanishes,” says Mariam Shah, a veteran journalist with over 15 years of experience in the region. She recounts how her former newspaper folded after running a series of reports critical of education budget disparities. “We hadn’t been paid in a year. Then, the office shut down overnight.”

For many journalists, financial instability creates ethical dilemmas that compromise their work. At K2 News, one of the region’s dwindling independent weeklies, reporters are required to double as advertising agents. Junior correspondent Bilal Ahmed explains the grim reality: “If I want my byline to appear, I need to bring in enough ads to cover the costs of publication.” Text messages from his editor confirm this arrangement, turning journalists into reluctant salespeople. Moreover, positive coverage of government-backed development projects often coincides with the timely release of salaries, creating an unspoken quid pro quo between journalists and power brokers.

The fragile state of AJK’s media is further complicated by the dominance of Pakistan’s national media houses. Major outlets like Geo News, Dawn, and ARY News maintain bureaus in AJK, ostensibly to provide regional coverage. Yet, their editorial priorities often reflect narratives crafted in Islamabad rather than the realities on the ground.

“We send raw footage from protests or community events, but by the time it airs, the story has been sanitized,” says a producer for a major Urdu news channel, who spoke on condition of anonymity. He recalls an incident where footage of an anti-corruption protest in Muzaffarabad was re-edited to portray the demonstration as a “foreign-sponsored disturbance.” Such editorial decisions not only distort the truth but also alienate local journalists, whose work is frequently diluted or misrepresented.

In this context, local reporters find themselves caught between two competing pressures: the economic constraints imposed by local authorities and the editorial control exerted by national media houses. The result is a stifling environment where journalists are unable to tell the stories that matter most to their communities.

For a brief moment, the rise of digital media appeared to offer a lifeline to AJK’s struggling journalists. Platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook allowed independent reporters to bypass traditional gatekeepers and deliver stories directly to their audiences. But this digital revolution has proved to be a double-edged sword.

See Also: Azad Kashmir Newspapers & Media

Zara Altaf, a young journalist who runs an AJK-focused YouTube channel, explains how algorithms have become the new censors. “After I published a report on a controversial land acquisition, my viewership dropped by 82% almost overnight,” she says, showing analytics to back her claim. “There was no warning—just a sudden throttling of my content.” For journalists like Zara, the promise of digital freedom is undermined by opaque algorithms and the lack of monetization opportunities tailored to the region.

Online harassment also looms large over digital journalists. Social media platforms, while providing a voice to the voiceless, have become breeding grounds for targeted trolling and misinformation campaigns aimed at discrediting independent reporters. Without robust support systems or protections, journalists in AJK face yet another layer of vulnerability in the digital space.

While international organizations frequently highlight the challenges faced by journalists in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, their interventions often miss the mark. In 2024, the European Union allocated €4 million for media development projects in the region. However, 93% of the funds went to Islamabad-based NGOs that conducted seminars in five-star hotels. Not a single grant reached the grassroots reporters documenting issues like enforced disappearances, environmental degradation, or corruption in AJK.

This misalignment between international aid and local needs underscores a critical gap in how press freedom is supported in politically sensitive regions. Without mechanisms to ensure that resources reach the journalists who need them most, well-intentioned initiatives risk becoming little more than exercises in performative allyship.

Censorship in AJK is rarely overt. Instead, it operates through a thousand small, almost imperceptible cuts. A delayed shipment of newspapers. A press credential quietly revoked. A training session canceled without explanation. These subtle tactics ensure that dissenting voices are silenced long before their stories reach the public.

At the Muzaffarabad Press Club, veteran journalist Gulzar Chaudhry sits beneath a curling World Press Freedom Day poster. He points to a wall calendar marked with crossed-out events—forums, workshops, and meetings with international delegations that were postponed indefinitely. “They’ve perfected the art of killing journalism without leaving fingerprints,” he says, his voice heavy with resignation.

The erosion of press freedom in AJK is not just a professional crisis for journalists—it is a societal one. When investigative stories are spiked, corruption goes unchecked. When critical voices are silenced, accountability vanishes. And when the press becomes a tool for propaganda, the people lose their ability to understand their own reality.

The stories untold—the misuse of development funds, the environmental impact of hydropower projects, the human cost of land acquisitions—are not mere journalistic casualties. They are losses for the communities that depend on these stories to advocate for their rights and hold power to account. In a region where every mountain, river, and valley is contested, the truth itself has become the ultimate battleground.

As night falls over Muzaffarabad, the neon sign of a shuttered newspaper office flickers erratically before going dark. There is no protest, no outcry—just another silent extinction in a region where silence has become the loudest sound of all.

The state of media in Pakistan-administered Kashmir is a sobering reminder of the fragility of press freedom. Yet, amidst the challenges, there is resilience. Journalists continue to navigate financial hardships, censorship, and digital suppression to tell the stories that matter. Their courage is a testament to the enduring power of journalism, even in the face of overwhelming odds.

The struggle for press freedom in AJK is not just a local issue—it is a global one. It is a fight for justice, transparency, and the right of a people to know the truth. As the world marks another International Press Freedom Day, let us not overlook the voices of AJK’s journalists. They deserve more than our sympathy—they deserve our support.